Press for the manufacture of hollow ingots.



H. HARMET. PRESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW INGOTS.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 5, 1907.

921 ,%4:&. Patented May 11, 1909.

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PRESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE or HOLLOW mews.-

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT.5,1907.

921,243 Patented May 11,1909.

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H. HARMET, PRESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW INGOTS. APPLIOATION IILED SEPT. 5,1907.

921,243. Patented May 11,1909.

WITNESSES [NVENTOR Alla! My;

1 1n: NORRIS PETERS 1:11., WASHINGTON, n. c.

H. HARMET.

PRESS FOR THE MANUFAGTURE 0F HOLLOW INGOTS:

Patented May 11, 1909,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

HENRI HARMET, OF ST.-ETIENNE, FRANCE.

PRESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW INGOTS.

Application filed September 5, 1907.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1909.

Serial No. 391,429.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HENRI HARMET, oi St.- Etienne, Loire, France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Presses for the h [anufacture of Hollow ingots, which im provement is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to improvements in presses in which liquid metal can be compressed by wire drawing as covered by the Patents Nos. 679072, 714692, 726425, 785210, 81114-3, and has for its object to render such press suitable for the manufacture of hollow ingots and so to produce ingots compressed by wire drawing, having throughout their length a central hole which allows them to be utilized for the manufacture of tubes, ferrules and other analogous articles.

In order to obtain, by compression with wire drawing, an ingot in which the entire mass of metal is absolutely solid and provided throughout its length with a uniform central hole, it is necessary as the liquid metal is poured into a conical ingot mold around a metal core having the shape of the central hole desired, to compress the liquid metal between two pressures, of which one, the smaller pressure, acts upon the small end i the ingot, usually turned upward, and of which the other, the greater pressure, acts upon the large end of the ingot, usually turned downward; this latter pressure pushes the metal (and through it thrusts the upper ram upward) from the large end toward the small end into the interior of the conical ingot mold. As in the wire drawing operation described in the before mentioned patents, the central metal core is then rapidly loosened. in order not to hinder the contraction of the metal which still continues after the compression. The whole diil'liculty, in order to obtain ingots having a central hole in a practical. manner, consists in rapidly withdrawing the metal core around which liquid steel 1 as been formed, and this invention has for its object a mechai'iical arrangement for obtaining this result in a practical manner. There is employed for this purpose an ordinary press for compressing liquid steel by wire drawing in which the cap or plug resting upon the small annular end of the ingot is modified in such a manner that it will allow a ram to pass which drives out the core after the compression is finished. The said ram may consist either of the rod of the ram for ejecting the ingot momentarily disconnected from the cap, or by a rod actuated by a special ram moving in a recess in. the rod of the ejecting ram. It is further necessary that the core should not be in one piece with the movable bottom although it should remain immovable during the whole period of compression. Accordin to my invention a recess is provided for this purpose in the re movable bottom for the reception of a ram which is held by a pin in an intermediate position for supporting the central core at the required height until the moment at which the compressor acts upon the under side of the movable bottom, but when the pin is removed and the compressor no longer acts upon the under side of the movable bottom the ram is free to descend. and consequently to allow the central core to'descend also.

Two forms of carrying out this invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the ingot mold, of its truck and of the ingot after casting and at the moment oi the arrival of the whole arrangement beneath the press. Fig. 2 shows in section on a smaller scale the arrangement of ingot and ingot mold in the press during the compression. Fig. 3 is a similar view at the moment at which the ejecting ram drives out the central core; and Figs. 4t and 5 are views similar to Figs. 2 and 3 in the case of a press having separate rams for ejecting and for driving out the core. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1. In these figures 1 and 2 are the lower and upper frames of an ordinary press for compressing liquid steel by wire drawing.

3 is the truck carrying the ingot mold.

l is the ingot mold.

5 is the ejecting ram. 6 the abutment against which the ingot mold bears while the ingot inside it is being compressed.

7 is the compressing ram.

8 is the movable bottom which transmits the thrust of the compressing ram 7 to the large annular base of the ingot 9. The movable bottom 8 is provided with a central ram 10 which is movable vertically and upon. which the core 11 rests. The ram 10 can be moved to any height in an upward direction but it can, only descend until the lower surface 12 of its head rests upon a corresponding surface 13 of the movable bottom, see Figs. 3 and 5. This ram can be maintained in an intermediate position by the aid of a pin 14,

its lower surface 12 being at some centimeters, ten for example, from the surface 13 of the movable bottom; the end 15 of its rod will then be one or two millimeters below the under side 16 of the movable bottom as will be seen in Fig. 1. The pin 1.4 passes in a vertical slot 18 through the part 17 of the truck 3 inwhich it can rise or fall easily, then through holes in the movable bottom 8 and the small ram 10 which are much greater than the diameter of the pin, which is easily withdrawn when the ram 10 is slightly raised one or two millimeters by the pressure of the compressor 7, see Figs. 2 and 1.

The cap 19 is of an annular shape similar to that which the head of the ingot 9 should possess it is provided with a central circular opening sufficiently large to allow the passage of a rod for acting upon the core 11 and loosening or driving it down in the recess in the ingot. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 2 and 3, this rod is the rod 20wof the ejector ram, which carries the cap or plug 19 by the aid of a pin 21 which can be disconnected from it as required. When it is de sired that the plug 19 should rest upon the annular head of the ingot 9, the plug 19 is acted 011 by the larger diameter of the rod 20 of the ram 5, by interposing between them a collar made for example annular and in two pieces. This annular collar 22, preferably formed with a dovetail in order that it may be better maintained in position, is easy to adjust through the openings formed in the abutment 6, whether it be desired to separate the two portions for disengaging the plug 19 and allowing the rod 20 of the ram 5 to pass through this plug and bear only upon the central metal core 11 (Fig. 3) or whether it is desired to bring the two portions together for the purpose of rendering the plug fast with the ram 5 in order to press 11 on the annular ingot 9 without touching t e core 11, see Fig. 2.

With the arrangements indicated, the compression by wire drawing of a hollow ingot takes place in the following manner. Upon the truck 3, at the side of the press, there is mounted the ingot mold 4, the core 11 resting upon the small ram 10, which is maintained in its intermediate position by means of the pin 14, the lower end 15 projecting one or two millimeters beyond the under side 16 of the movable bottom 8. The steel or other liquid metal being poured into the ingot mold to the required level, the whole is placed beneath the press, and compression takes place as with solid ingots compressed by wire drawing (Fig. 2). The compressor 7 is pushed upward in accordance with the speed of contraction; the compressor 7 before bearing against the movable bottom 8, first pushes the small ram 10 up one or two millimeters thus allowing the pin 14 to be easily pulled out by hand; the cap 19 is acted on by the ejector 5, by reason of the annular collar 22, the two parts of which are pressed together around it and moved downward thus applying at the head of the ingot 9 the pressure necessary for the required result, the cap 19 and the ejector 5 then receding as the compressor 7 advances from below. When the compression is terminated, see Fig. 3, the ejector 5 is slightly raised leaving the annular collar 22, the two portions of this collar are separated in order to allow the free passage of the rod 20 of the ram 5 through the plug 19, and this ram 5 and its rod 20 are then caused to move downward, and press upon the central core 11, at the same time as the compressor 7 is made to move downward. The core 11 is then loosened and falls upon the small ram 10 which being no longer retained in its mid position by the pin 14, is now at the end of its lower travel, that is to say, the surface 12 is resting against the surface 13 of the movable bottom 8. As the core 1]. is freed in the interior of the hollow ingot its contraction is no longer a source of trouble, and the ejection takes place as is usual for solid ingots compressed by wire drawing.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the mechanism serving to loosen or drive out the core 11 is distinct from the ejector mechanism having the rod 20 on which the cap or plug 19 is immovably iixed. The mechanism acting upon the core comprises a rod 23 passing through the plug 19 as well as the ram 5 and its rod 20 bored centrally with this object. This rod 23 is actuated by a ram 24 inclosed in a cylinder 25 arranged above the frame 2 and in which pressure is made to act when the compression of the ingot is complete. Except for this difference, the working is the same as in the preceding case.

WVhatever may be the arrangement adopted, the central core should be coated with a very slight layer of heat resisting material, in order to prevent its too rapid. heating, and usually it is advantageous to make the central core more pronouncedly conical than the ingot mold, in order to have at the top of the ingot as much metal as at the bottom, for the purpose of obtaining tubes or ferrules of regular thickness after forging. It may be remarked that, during the whole compression, the central core remains absolutely immovable relative to the ingot, rising always with it to the same extent, but that directly after compression it is completely freed from the ingot in such a manner as not to impede contraction.

1" course the arrangement above described and shown by way of illustration may be modified in order to be adapted to various circumstances compatible with the principle of this invention.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, of a movable bottom therefor, a core carried by said bottom means for applying pressure to both ends of the ingot, and means for moving the core and the bottom independently.

2. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, and a core therefor, of a movable bottom carrying said core, an upper plug or cap, a ram movable through the said plug or cap to dislodge the core after compression and means for moving the bottom independently of the core.

3. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, and a core therefor, of an ingot-ejecting ram, and means driven by said ram to dislodge the core prior to the ejection of the ingot.

4. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, and a core therefor, of a plug or cap to act on the upper end of the ingot, a ram having its rod connected with said plug or cap to cause the said plug or cap to assist compression, and means for temporarily disconnecting the rod from the cap whereby the rod may dislodge the core after compression.

5. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, and a core therefor, of a plug or cap acting upon the upper end of the ingot, an ejecting ram disposed centrally of said plug or cap, and a collar removably fitted around the ram over the plug, whereby the ram may be caused. to press the plug or cap against the .ingot or may be moved through the cap to dislodge the core after compression of the ingot.

6. In a press for metal ingots, the combination witha mold, and a core therefor, of a movable mold bottom, a ram mounted movably in the bottom and supporting the core and means for moving the bottom independently of the core and the said ram.

7. In a press for metal ingots, the combination with a mold, and a core therefor, of a movable bottom having a recess or socket in its upper side, a ram mounted in the bottom and having an enlarged head playing in said socket and supporting the core and means for moving the core and the bottom independently.

8. In a press for metal ingots, the combination of a mold, and a core therefor, a movable bottom, a ram mounted in the bottom and supporting the core, and a pin mounted radially in the movable bottom and engaging said ram.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRI HARMET. Witnesses JAo UEs RUBY, DAVID GUILLOT. 

